This is a medium-sized, summer-growing bunchgrass known for its tolerance of alkaline soils. It grows green, deciduous leaves near the base, reddish spikelet seedheads, and small, yellow flowers that bloom mid-summer. This bunchgrass can also tolerate drought, growing up to 3 feet tall in partial shade and moist to dry soil.
This is a tall, perennial, sod-forming grass with broad blue-green blades and a large, golden-brown, plume-like seed head. In the fall, the seed head turns deep orange to purple. It is drought tolerant, growing in full sun to shade, and in dry to moist soil, including sandy, loam, and clay soils. Because of its height (3 to 8 feet) and its tendency to remain erect, it provides a nesting habitat and protective cover for many kinds of birds.
Also called Green’s or Western Mountain-Ash, this small, shrub-like tree can reach up to 12 feet in height, either branching or as a single trunk. It produces shiny, green leaves and clusters of white flowers followed by orange-red berries that persist throughout fall and winter. Cascade Mountain-Ash prefers moist, rich soils, and can withstand full sun to shade.
American Mountain-Ash is a smooth-barked, deciduous shrub or small tree that grows 10 to 30 feet tall in full sun to shade, and in cool, dry to moist soils. It has a short trunk, slender, spreading branches, and a narrow, open, round-topped crown. Its small, white flowers give way to clusters of bright red berries that attract birds.
Also known as Noble Goldenrod, this perennial herb with deep reddish stems grows 1 to 5 feet tall. Its bright yellow flowers bloom in late summer and early fall, and are arranged in erect, pointed clusters, attracting bees, butterflies, and birds. This herb is resistant to drought and deer, and thrives in partial shade and in moist, rocky or clay soils.
An herbaceous perennial that grows to a height of 4 to 6 feet, Seaside Goldenrod bears toothless, hairless leaves, thicker than those of most other goldenrod species. It produces yellow flowers during the summer and well into the fall, later in the season than most of its relatives. Native to saline areas along the coast, this plant is resistant to salt spray as well as to deer, and grows in full fun and moist, sandy soils.
Also known as Roughleaf or Roughstem Goldenrod, this perennial herb grows 2 to 5 feet tall and in large masses. It produces tiny, bright yellow flowers borne in dense, plume-like bunches in September and October. This plant is deer-resistant and grows in full sun, and in wet, well-drained soils. It is a valuable source of food for honey bees and birds.
Also known as Stiff Goldenrod, this perennial herb grows 2 to 5 feet tall. It produces an erect stem that branches near the top and bears clusters of small, daisy-like, yellow flowers. They bloom from August to September and attract butterflies and bees. This plant grows in full sun and in moist soils, tolerating clay soil.
Also called Sweet Goldenrod, this fragrant, rough-leaved, perennial herb grows to 4 feet tall. It forms a bushy, upright clump of dark-green leaves that bears large heads of golden-yellow flowers. It is drought and deer tolerant and requires low to medium watering. It prefers full sun, but can grow in light shade, and in poor, dry soils. This plant is also of special value to native honey bees.
This perennial, deciduous plant is also called Prairie, Oldfield, Grayleaf, Dyersweed, Dwarf, or Field Goldenrod. One of the smallest species of goldenrod, it grows to about 2 feet in height, producing bright yellow flower heads from August to November. This herb is moderately deer-resistant and grows in full sun to shade, in dry sandy, rocky, and clay soils.
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