The most widespread North American hawthorn and one of the more variable, this perennial shrub is known for its long, dark thorns. Also known as Fleshy Hawthorn, Succulent Hawthorn, and Round-Fruited Cockspurthorn, this plant produces clusters of small, white flowers followed by red fruit. Phipps’ Hawthorn has the tendency to form thickets, growing about 20 feet tall in full sun to partial shade and in a variety of soil conditions.
Black Hawthorn is a medium-sized shrub that grows 6 to 30 feet tall with thorns and stout branches. Dense clusters of white flowers appear in May and June followed by shiny, purple to black fruits, attracting butterflies and birds. This plant grows best in moist soils and in full sun to partial shade, the best fruit production occurring in full sun.
This perennial, deciduous tree, also known as Newcastle Hawthorn or Hog Apple, grows 20 to 35 feet tall, with leaves that turn bright orange or red in fall. It produces clusters of white flowers in May and June that are followed by small, red apples. This tree grows in full sun and in moist soil, though it can tolerate a wide variety of soils as long as they are well-drained. It is also tolerant to drought and air pollution.
Beaked Hazelnut, or Beaked Filbert, is a perennial, deciduous shrub that reaches 4 to 8 feet in height and width, often forming thickets. It produces small, yellowish-brown catkins in February and March, which lead to nuts that are a favorite of various bird species and small mammals. Beaked Hazelnut prefers partial shade and moist soils.
This is a perennial, deciduous, and multi-stemmed shrub that typically grows 8 to 16 feet tall, and naturally occurs in dry or moist thickets. It thrives in full sun to partial shade, and in dry to moist soil, with a medium water requirement. This plant grows yellowish-brown catkins that appear in late winter and early spring, its leaves turning various colors from bright yellow to wine-red in the fall.
As the smallest member of the dogwood family, this perennial, trailing groundcover grows to only about 8 inches in height in moist soil and shade. Bunchberry produces whorled leaves and 4 whitish bracts that surround the small inflorescence in the center. Blooming in late spring and summer, this plant also develops a tight, upright cluster of red berries.
Also called Red-twig Dogwood, this deciduous shrub grows 8 to 10 feet tall and develops showy, vibrant red stems during the fall and winter. Clusters of small, white flowers appear in the late spring before subsequent bluish-white berries. The plant grows best in full sun to partial shade, in moist, well-drained soils, but can tolerate wet, dry, and poor soils. Its flowers attract pollinators such as butterflies, while the fruit is a great source of food for birds.
This perennial, deciduous shrub grows 10 to 15 feet tall, and often forms thickets. It features white flowers that bloom during May and June, and produce small, white berries. It grows in full sun to shade, and typically occurs in moist, rocky soils. This shrub attracts butterflies as well as birds and other wildlife that eat its fruit.
Multi-branched, with large, attractive, white flower clusters, Pacific Dogwood or Mountain Dogwood is a perennial, deciduous tree that grows 15 to 40 feet tall. It produces compound, orange to red berries that attract a multitude of bird species as well as mammals. This tree grows in full sun to shade, and in rich, well-drained, dry to moist soil.
This plant goes by many names, including Virginia or Florida Dogwood, White Cornel, Arrowwood, American Boxwood, False Box, St. Peter’s Crown, and Corona de San Pedro. A small, deciduous, perennial tree, it typically grows 15 to 30 feet tall with a low-branching, flat-topped habit. White flowers bloom from spring to fall, while bright red fruits mature in late summer to early fall and may persist until late in the year. It is resistant to browsing by deer, and grows in partial to full shade, and in dry to moist, well-drained soils.
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